The fourfold means for salvation, or the four kinds of spiritual practices, is a prerequisite to the aspirants on the path of Jnana Yoga, or, for that matter, in any system of evolution towards Godhead.
1. VIVEKA
Discrimination between the real and unreal or the permanent and the impermanent.
2. VAIRAGYA
Dispassion or the absence of passionate longing born of sustained right discrimination. It is the giving up of passion and desire for all mundane enjoyments.
3. SHAD-SAMPAT
The third requisite is a set of sixfold virtues the spiritual seeker must have and are taken as one requisite.
Shama: is serenity or tranquility of mind that is brought about by eradication of vasanas, which are desires or conditioning in a broader sense.
Dama: is control of the senses or self-control, it corresponds to pratyahara in Raja Yoga. Here too there is no foolish suppression, as the empowered awakened wisdom simply avoids what is not conducive to discovery of the truth.
Uparati: is satiation or turning the mind resolutely away from desires by seeing everything through the awakened wisdom rather than the conditioned mind.
Titiksha: is power of endurance or forbearance—patently bearing all opposites without caring to redress them. This frees one from any anxieties and stress that can result from trying to change everything to our taste. In a way, titiksha is an internal and external adjustment so that there is no lament with ever changing situations.
Sraddha: is unshakeable faith that transcends reason in the words of the preceptor, teachings of the scriptures and one’s own self. It is not blind faith, as it is based on reasoning, evidence and experience.
Samadhana: is mental balance, equipoise and calm which give a balanced inner life. Perfect concentration ensues when samadhana comes about as it is the fruit of the other five. The mind gets settled in its source and does not wander aimlessly, bringing about mental stability and poise.
4. MUMUKSHUTVA
An intense yearning for liberation, it is the fourth of the main qualifications. If one is equipped with the other three, this unwavering focus and desire for liberation will be natural. Mumukshutva should be steady, unflickering and of a burning type. If one feels one does not have this burning mumukshutva, one should work hard to practice the other three which will give rise to it naturally.
1. VIVEKA
Discrimination between the real and unreal or the permanent and the impermanent.
2. VAIRAGYA
Dispassion or the absence of passionate longing born of sustained right discrimination. It is the giving up of passion and desire for all mundane enjoyments.
3. SHAD-SAMPAT
The third requisite is a set of sixfold virtues the spiritual seeker must have and are taken as one requisite.
Shama: is serenity or tranquility of mind that is brought about by eradication of vasanas, which are desires or conditioning in a broader sense.
Dama: is control of the senses or self-control, it corresponds to pratyahara in Raja Yoga. Here too there is no foolish suppression, as the empowered awakened wisdom simply avoids what is not conducive to discovery of the truth.
Uparati: is satiation or turning the mind resolutely away from desires by seeing everything through the awakened wisdom rather than the conditioned mind.
Titiksha: is power of endurance or forbearance—patently bearing all opposites without caring to redress them. This frees one from any anxieties and stress that can result from trying to change everything to our taste. In a way, titiksha is an internal and external adjustment so that there is no lament with ever changing situations.
Sraddha: is unshakeable faith that transcends reason in the words of the preceptor, teachings of the scriptures and one’s own self. It is not blind faith, as it is based on reasoning, evidence and experience.
Samadhana: is mental balance, equipoise and calm which give a balanced inner life. Perfect concentration ensues when samadhana comes about as it is the fruit of the other five. The mind gets settled in its source and does not wander aimlessly, bringing about mental stability and poise.
4. MUMUKSHUTVA
An intense yearning for liberation, it is the fourth of the main qualifications. If one is equipped with the other three, this unwavering focus and desire for liberation will be natural. Mumukshutva should be steady, unflickering and of a burning type. If one feels one does not have this burning mumukshutva, one should work hard to practice the other three which will give rise to it naturally.
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